Doctor Nguyen Duc Huy, from the High-tech Ophthalmology Department at Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7, conducted a pupil reflex examination on the child. Noticing an unusual dark reflex in both eyes, he prescribed pupil-dilating eye drops for a more in-depth check.

Fundoscopy revealed tumors in both eyes. A 3D eye ultrasound and a 3.0 Tesla head MRI scan further identified two large tumors: one in the right eye, measuring approximately 14x10x20 mm, and another in the left eye, 10x9x16 mm. Following a consultation, doctors confirmed the diagnosis of retinoblastoma, which had not yet metastasized.

Doctor Huy examining Khoi's eyes. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Doctor Huy explained that retinoblastoma is a malignant intraocular eye cancer primarily affecting children, most commonly those under three years old. This serious condition can become life-threatening if untreated, as cancer cells may metastasize to the brain or other organs. The disease often results from a mutated gene, causing retinal cells to transform. It can affect one or both eyes, leading to vision impairment or changes in pupil size and shape.

Due to the large size of Khoi's tumors, doctors prescribed chemotherapy combined with surgery to control and remove them, thereby preventing further cancer cell growth. Following treatment, Khoi will require regular monitoring and screening to detect any early signs of recurrence.

According to Doctor Huy, retinoblastoma is often challenging to detect early because it affects young children who cannot clearly describe their symptoms. Warning signs include a white pupil (leukocoria), a squint (strabismus), decreased vision, a protruding eyeball, or eye redness and pain.

A squint in young children not only affects vision but can also signal underlying conditions such as severe refractive errors, congenital cataracts, glaucoma, or cancer.

Doctors advise parents not to ignore signs such as squinting eyes, unusual pupils, or children frequently tilting their heads to see or rubbing their eyes. Children should undergo regular eye exams every 6-12 months from an early age for timely detection and treatment of dangerous conditions.

Ngoc Kim Tham