Eye floaters are small spots resembling cobwebs, thin threads, or zigzags in vision. These are often benign and common with age. However, if they appear suddenly, increase rapidly, or are accompanied by flashes of light or decreased vision, patients should see a doctor soon as it could indicate retinal detachment.

Bleeding in the eye

Intraocular hemorrhage can occur due to various causes, from blood vessel abnormalities to trauma or stress. This condition causes patients to see spots or cobweb-like shapes, sometimes with blurred vision or a reddish tint. In many cases, the spots will fade on their own over time, though this process can be prolonged. If the bleeding is extensive or impacts vision, the patient may need treatment.

Eye infection

Certain viruses and bacteria can cause retinitis, leading to floaters, along with pain, red eyes, or systemic symptoms like fever. Causes can include herpes virus, cat-scratch disease, Lyme disease, or tuberculosis. Treating the underlying cause often improves these cases, but early diagnosis is crucial to avoid serious complications.

Eye injury

Eye injuries can result from impact or exposure to chemicals or foreign objects. Beyond seeing black spots, patients may experience pain, vision loss, bleeding, abnormal pupils, or difficulty moving the eye. Depending on severity, minor injuries can be treated with rest or cold compresses, but severe cases demand immediate emergency care.

Retinal detachment

Retinal detachment is an emergency where the retina separates from the nourishing tissue beneath. Typical signs include the sudden appearance of numerous floating black spots, flashes of light, or vision loss. Delaying treatment can cause permanent vision loss.

Posterior vitreous detachment

Posterior vitreous detachment occurs when the gel in the eye separates from the retina. In addition to floaters, patients may see flashes of light in their peripheral vision. Most cases are harmless, but about 15% can cause a retinal tear, leading to retinal detachment. Therefore, seek medical attention if symptoms appear.

Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation in the part of the eye supplying blood to the retina. Patients may experience blurred vision, red eyes, pain, numerous black spots, and light sensitivity. Symptoms often appear suddenly, requiring treatment with anti-inflammatory medications like corticosteroids.

In most cases, floaters do not require treatment, only monitoring. However, if floaters are linked to serious medical conditions, doctors may recommend intervention. Treatment options include vitrectomy to remove the floaters or using lasers to break them apart.

Bao Bao (According to Very Well Health)