Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly known as lupus, is a chronic and dangerous autoimmune disease. It occurs when the body's immune system, which normally protects against pathogens, mistakenly attacks its own healthy organs and tissues. The exact cause of this immune system malfunction and targeted treatments to resolve this "confusion" are still unknown, which is why a complete cure has not yet been found. This disease is particularly dangerous because it can damage multiple organ systems throughout the body, potentially leading to life-threatening complications.

Normally, the immune system plays a vital role in identifying, destroying pathogens, and remembering them to build immunity, prevent reinfection, and promote recovery from damage. However, in individuals with SLE, complex mechanisms cause the immune system to become dysregulated. Instead of targeting environmental pathogens, it attacks the body's own healthy organs, causing disease.

Current treatments for SLE primarily focus on preventing organ damage, limiting disease progression, preventing acute flare-ups, and reducing long-term complications caused by the disease and its treatments. Treatment plans are highly personalized, depending on the specific type of lupus and each patient's unique body. Doctors often prescribe medications such as anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biological therapies to control symptoms and disease activity. Additionally, patients may be advised to undergo physical therapy to maintain joint flexibility and adopt healthy nutrition habits to prevent disease exacerbation.

Dr. Hai explains test results to a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Beyond the musculoskeletal system, SLE can attack and damage many other vital organs, including the skin, blood, kidneys, heart, lungs, and nervous system. Due to its widespread impact across the body, complications of systemic lupus erythematosus can, in many cases, be life-threatening. Moreover, the powerful medications used to control the disease can suppress the immune system, increasing the patient's risk of infection.

If you have been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus, it is crucial to seek care at specialized hospitals for proper diagnosis and treatment. Patients must strictly adhere to their specialist's instructions, attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor disease progression closely, and allow for timely adjustments to their treatment plans. It is imperative not to discontinue treatment without medical advice. Although a complete cure is not yet available, consistent adherence to treatment allows many patients to live and function normally.

Dr. Pham Hoang Hai

Master of Science, Doctor, First-Degree Specialist

Department of Musculoskeletal Internal Medicine

Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM