Answer:

Irregular bowel movements due to stress are a common bodily reaction, stemming from the connection between the brain and the gut, known as the brain-gut axis. The enteric nervous system regulates digestive activities such as gut motility, fluid secretion, and absorption. This system is directly influenced by neural signals and hormones coordinated by the brain when the body experiences stress.

During stress, the brain triggers a physiological response, releasing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These substances transmit signals to the gut, altering its motility and contractile ability. As a result, food moves through the digestive tract faster than usual, reducing water absorption and leading to diarrhea. Patients may experience accompanying symptoms: abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, or cramping.

Dr. Long examines a patient. *Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital*

The brain-gut connection is bidirectional. Stress causes digestive disorders, exacerbating symptoms like diarrhea, abdominal pain, or irregular bowel movements. Conversely, gut problems can affect mental well-being, increasing feelings of anxiety and stress, worsening the psychological state.

Depending on its nature and severity, stress affects the digestive system in various ways. Acute stress, such as anxiety before an exam or an important event, often causes immediate but short-term digestive symptoms. In contrast, chronic stress from prolonged work or life pressures can lead to persistent digestive disorders.

Stress-related diarrhea is often a normal physiological response but can also indicate an underlying medical condition. If diarrhea is prolonged, recurrent, or accompanied by unusual signs such as weight loss or bloody stools, you should seek medical attention for timely evaluation and treatment. Managing stress through adequate rest, exercise, meditation, or psychological counseling is also crucial for improving gut health.

Dr. Doan Hoang Long

Department of Gastroenterology

Center for Endoscopy and Endoscopic Digestive Surgery

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City