A woman's menstrual cycle, typically lasting 28 to 35 days, is counted from the first day of one period to the first day of the next. Pharmacist Do Xuan Hoa, from the Medical Information Center at Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM, explained that under the regulation of the brain-pituitary-ovarian axis, the hormonal trio of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone is produced steadily. These hormones govern the function of many bodily systems, including cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, reproductive, the menstrual cycle, and skin. A woman's menstrual cycle is divided into 4 distinct phases, each characterized by significant hormonal fluctuations that lead to various skin manifestations. Unmanaged, these hormonal shifts can adversely affect the skin.

Menstrual phase

The menstrual phase begins on the first day of the cycle and typically lasts 3 to 7 days. During this time, estrogen and progesterone levels are at their lowest, impacting skin moisture and the quality of the epidermal lipid layer. Fatigue and hormonal changes can leave skin dry, sensitive, and lacking vitality. Changes in blood circulation can also contribute to a duller, less radiant complexion.

Post-menstrual (follicular) phase

The post-menstrual, or follicular, phase lasts from day 8 to 12 of the cycle. It is when the skin appears most radiant and healthy throughout the entire menstrual cycle. As ovarian follicles develop, they secrete more estrogen, which strengthens the skin's underlying structure and stabilizes sebaceous gland activity, resulting in brighter, more even-toned skin.

Ovulation phase

Lasting only from day 13 to 15 of the menstrual cycle, the ovulation phase sees estrogen levels peak and a slight increase in testosterone. These changes contribute to smooth, vibrant skin. However, elevated testosterone can stimulate increased sebaceous gland activity, leading to oily skin, more visible pores, or the appearance of small breakouts.

Post-ovulatory (luteal) phase

The post-ovulatory, or luteal, phase spans from day 15 to 28 of the cycle. High progesterone levels stimulate robust sebaceous gland activity, making the skin prone to clogged pores and inflammatory acne, particularly around the chin and jawline.

The menstrual cycle is a normal physiological process, reflecting a woman's overall health. Pharmacist Hoa advises women to adjust their skincare routines during their cycle, combining it with proper nutrition, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. Maintaining hormonal balance and protecting skin internally with natural extracts like Lepidium Meyenii and P. Leucotomos also plays a crucial role. These nutrients can help regulate the three female hormones, improve menstrual irregularities, and reduce cyclical skin impacts, especially for those prone to hormonal acne.

Dinh Dieu