Hepatitis C is an infection caused by the HCV virus, often without clear symptoms in its early stages. As the disease progresses, individuals may experience fatigue, jaundice, easy bruising, or bleeding. Hepatitis C can become chronic, increasing the risk of cirrhosis, liver scarring, liver failure, and liver cancer. Despite its prevalence, several misconceptions about the disease persist.

Hepatitis C is easy to recognize

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), only about 20% of people with hepatitis C experience symptoms. Most symptoms are non-specific, such as abdominal discomfort, digestive issues, and fatigue, making them easy to confuse with common illnesses. Consequently, the virus is often detected only after many years in the body. Many individuals discover their condition during hepatitis C screening or once the disease has progressed to cause cirrhosis, liver cancer, or kidney problems.

The disease will cure itself

A small number of people infected with hepatitis C can naturally clear the virus. However, most will develop chronic hepatitis C if untreated. Over time, the disease can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

There is no treatment for the disease

Currently, many effective antiviral drugs for hepatitis C (HCV) are available, with several regimens capable of curing the disease in about 8-12 weeks. Newer generation drugs have fewer side effects, making treatment easier and better tolerated. Individuals testing positive for hepatitis C should adhere to their doctor's treatment plan for optimal effectiveness.

A vaccine for hepatitis C already exists

There is currently no vaccine to prevent hepatitis C. However, vaccines for hepatitis A and B are available. Individuals with hepatitis C should consult a doctor for advice on getting vaccinated against hepatitis A and B, as co-infection with multiple hepatitis viruses can increase the risk of liver cancer.

To prevent hepatitis C, adults should avoid sharing injection equipment and refrain from getting tattoos at disreputable establishments, given the risk of exposure to infected blood. Safe sexual practices also help reduce the risk of hepatitis C virus transmission.

Hepatitis C can spread through casual contact

Hepatitis C is not transmitted through casual person-to-person contact. Actions such as hugging, kissing, hand-touching, sneezing, coughing, or sharing food, eating utensils, or cups do not spread the virus. Even when living with someone who has hepatitis C, the risk of household transmission remains low.

The hepatitis C virus is primarily transmitted through blood. Therefore, family members should avoid sharing personal items that may contain blood, such as razors, toothbrushes, or nail clippers, with an infected person.

Hepatitis C only affects the liver

While hepatitis C primarily affects the liver, the virus can also damage other body organs. According to the American College of Rheumatology, some individuals with hepatitis C may develop rheumatic diseases or disorders affecting muscles and joints. Additionally, people with chronic hepatitis C face a higher risk of developing problems such as diabetes, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and certain skin conditions.

Anh Chi (According to EveryDay Health)