Influenza A typically causes high fevers between 39-40 degrees Celsius. Treatment primarily focuses on symptom relief. When body temperature exceeds 38,5 degrees Celsius, patients can use antipyretics such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. For symptoms like cough, nasal congestion, or difficulty breathing, cough syrup, nasal sprays, or drops can provide temporary relief. Natural methods, such as gargling with honey or drinking ginger tea, also help soothe the throat and reduce coughing.

Patients with influenza should seek medical consultation for appropriate treatment. In certain cases, doctors may prescribe antiviral medications such as oral oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or inhaled zanamivir (Relenza). These drugs inhibit viral replication, reducing the disease's severity. They are most effective when administered within the first 48 hours of symptom onset.

However, not every influenza A patient requires antiviral medication. Tamiflu is typically prescribed for high-risk groups, including: young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with chronic conditions. Potential side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and headaches. Relenza is not recommended for individuals with lung conditions or asthma, as it can cause bronchospasm.

Patients with influenza A should not self-medicate with antibiotics, as influenza is a viral infection and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Antibiotics are only prescribed for bacterial superinfections. Misuse can increase the risk of bacterial pneumonia, disrupt the gut microbiota, or lead to anaphylactic reactions.

Patients should consult a doctor before using medication. *Photo: Vecteezy*

Beyond medication, patients require supportive care, including drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, fruit juices, or electrolyte solutions, to replenish minerals lost due to fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Adequate rest and a varied diet, prioritizing soft, easily digestible foods like porridge and soup, along with vitamin C-rich fruits, will help boost immunity and shorten recovery time. If a high fever persists despite antipyretics, or if symptoms such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, bluish lips, or severe dehydration occur, patients must seek immediate medical attention.

Influenza A is an acute infectious disease caused by the influenza virus, with H1N1 and H3N2 being two common strains during flu seasons. The influenza virus can lead to dangerous complications, including: pneumonia, myocarditis, meningitis, and respiratory failure, particularly in individuals with underlying conditions such as: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or diabetes.

Currently, influenza A can be prevented through vaccination. The vaccine helps reduce the risk of contracting the disease by 60%, hospitalization by 90%, and mortality by 70-80%.

Vietnam currently distributes four types of influenza vaccines from: Vietnam, France, the Netherlands, and South Korea, suitable for individuals from six months of age to adults. Children under nine years old who have not previously been vaccinated require two doses, administered at least four weeks apart. Children aged nine and older, along with adults, need one dose. Pregnant women can receive the vaccine at any stage of pregnancy, with the second trimester being optimal to protect both the mother and transfer antibodies to the baby for protection during the first six months of life.

After recovering and when their health stabilizes, patients should receive the influenza vaccine and annual boosters to strengthen their immunity and ensure protection against circulating influenza strains.

Doctor Huynh Tran An Khuong

Medical Specialist, VNVC Immunization System

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