Response:

For healthy pregnancies without contraindications, swimming is among the safest forms of exercise for expectant mothers. Correct swimming technique supports the spine, enhances blood circulation, builds stamina, and helps alleviate back pain, pelvic discomfort, and leg swelling.

By 19 weeks, the uterus expands to accommodate the rapidly developing fetus, shifting the body's center of gravity. Expectant mothers often lean backward when standing or walking. This increased weight places pressure on the lower back and pelvis, leading to muscle strain. Numbness and tingling in the limbs are also common, frequently caused by fluid retention and edema compressing nerves.

To alleviate these symptoms, rest and change positions frequently, avoiding prolonged sitting or standing. When seated, use back support and avoid sudden twisting or lifting heavy objects. With a doctor's approval, you can engage in gentle physical activities like walking, swimming, or safe stretching.

However, each pregnant woman's gestational age, physical condition, and obstetric risks vary, requiring individualized exercise intensity, duration, and type. It should not be a one-size-fits-all approach. At the Fetal Medicine Unit, Tam Anh General Clinic District 7, doctors assess pregnancy status via ultrasound and obstetric examination before recommending appropriate exercise. Those with risks such as preterm birth, vaginal bleeding, threatened miscarriage, or cervical insufficiency may need to limit or avoid swimming.

Expectant mothers undergo health checks at Tam Anh General Clinic District 7. *Illustration: Trung Vu*

For safety, choose a clean, well-maintained swimming pool with a moderate water temperature, avoiding extremes of hot or cold. Wear non-slip sandals from the changing room to the pool edge, and move carefully when entering the water. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water before, during, and after swimming, as aquatic exercise can still lead to dehydration.

Expectant mothers should avoid dangerous activities like diving, jumping into the water, or high-risk aquatic sports. Stop swimming immediately and rest if you experience dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue, or uterine contractions.

If back pain or limb numbness worsens or persists, or if you notice abnormal signs like uterine contractions, vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, reduced fetal movement, or muscle weakness, seek immediate medical attention. Regular prenatal check-ups at specialized Fetal Medicine units enable doctors to closely monitor fetal development and provide tailored advice on exercise, nutrition, and pregnancy care for each stage.

Dr. Nguyen Phuong Thao

Fetal Medicine Unit

Tam Anh General Clinic District 7