Over time, lung tissue gradually loses elasticity and respiratory muscles weaken, reducing gas exchange capacity. However, the extent of these changes varies among individuals, and beyond age, many lifestyle factors can accelerate lung function decline.

Physical inactivity

According to WebMD, physical activity strengthens respiratory muscles, the cardiovascular system, and oxygen utilization. Prolonged inactivity can reduce endurance, leading to breathlessness during brisk walking, climbing stairs, or daily activities. Regular exercise such as walking, cycling, or swimming improves endurance and helps the body use oxygen more efficiently.

Excess weight, obesity

Excess weight and obesity can put additional pressure on the chest and diaphragm, making it difficult for the lungs to fully expand, especially when lying down or exercising. Excess fat is also associated with inflammation, which can affect respiratory function. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise protects cardiovascular health, improves metabolism, and reduces the burden on the respiratory system.

A nutritious diet benefits the lungs. Illustration: Bui Thuy

Poor nutrition

Lungs require various nutrients for normal function. A poor diet, lacking in vegetables, fruits, protein, or healthy fats, can deprive the body of essential substances. A diverse menu including vegetables, fruits, fish, eggs, legumes, whole grains, and nuts provides protein, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. A balanced diet contributes to overall health and resilience against adverse effects.

Recurring respiratory infections or chronic lung diseases

Individuals who frequently experience respiratory infections or suffer from chronic lung diseases must manage their conditions carefully. Persistent inflammation affects the airways and impairs respiratory function. According to the Times of India, if symptoms like persistent coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, or reduced exercise capacity occur, patients should seek professional diagnosis and appropriate treatment rather than self-medicating.

Regular exposure to dust and chemicals

Workers in occupations such as woodworking, construction, metal fabrication, welding, or chemical manufacturing may frequently encounter dust, fumes, and chemicals. Prolonged exposure to these agents can irritate and damage the respiratory tract if proper protection is not used. Those working in dusty or chemical-laden environments should use required protective equipment and minimize dust dispersion in enclosed spaces.

Le Nguyen (Compiled)