Eye rubbing is a common reflex when eyes feel itchy, dry, tired, or irritated. However, this seemingly harmless habit, if repeated frequently or with strong force, can damage the eye's surface and increase the risk of various eye conditions.

The cornea, a thin, sensitive transparent membrane at the front of the eyeball, focuses light for clear vision. Rubbing eyes, especially when foreign objects like dust or sand are present, can cause friction that scratches the cornea. This often results in pain, irritation, watery eyes, or redness. Without proper treatment, these corneal abrasions risk leading to infections.

Another significant risk is eye infection. Our hands frequently touch surfaces harboring bacteria, virus, and dirt. When unwashed hands rub the eyes, these pathogens can enter through minor abrasions on the cornea or conjunctiva. This elevates the risk of conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers. Corneal ulcers, in particular, can lead to corneal scarring and impair vision.

Doctor Thu examines a patient. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

Furthermore, prolonged eye rubbing is a risk factor for keratoconus, a condition where the cornea progressively thins and bulges forward. This causes light to focus improperly on the retina, leading to blurred or distorted vision and rapid vision decline. Sustained, vigorous eye rubbing exerts mechanical pressure on the cornea, weakening its tissue structure and making it more susceptible to deformation, particularly in individuals with naturally thin corneas.

Beyond corneal damage, forceful eye rubbing can temporarily increase intraocular pressure. Repeated instances, especially in individuals with or at risk of glaucoma, can potentially harm the optic nerve.

For contact lens wearers, rubbing eyes while wearing lenses can cause them to shift, fold, or intensely rub against the cornea. This often leads to irritation, redness, blurred vision, and a heightened risk of corneal ulcers.

To mitigate the harmful effects of eye rubbing, if your eyes feel itchy or a foreign object enters them, gently blink or rinse them with clean water or saline solution to flush out debris. Always keep your hands clean and avoid touching your eyes. Should persistent itching, redness, watery eyes, or blurred vision occur, consult an ophthalmologist to determine the cause, rather than frequently rubbing your eyes.

Master of Science, Doctor Luong Thi Anh Thu

High-Tech Eye Unit

Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic