Swollen lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are small, clustered organs found in the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen, and groin. Their role is to trap pathogens, allowing the immune system to respond effectively. Neck lymph nodes typically feel like small peas, are movable when touched, and may be accompanied by pain, warmth, or redness.
Common causes include the common cold, tonsillitis, oral infections, strep throat, mononucleosis, HIV, influenza, or autoimmune diseases. Most infection-related swollen lymph nodes subside as the illness resolves. However, hard, enlarged, painless nodes, or those that persist for more than two weeks, require medical evaluation.
Goiter
A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland, typically appearing at the front of the neck, often on one side, and easily movable. This condition can result from either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Treatment varies based on the underlying cause and may involve medication or, if necessary, surgery.
Nodules
Nodules are abnormal tissue growths in the neck, frequently associated with vocal cords or acid reflux. They can develop after excessive speaking or prolonged strain in the neck area.
Cysts
Cysts are fluid-filled sacs that feel soft to the touch. They can form in various neck locations, including lymphatic cysts, dermal cysts, epidermal cysts, and laryngeal cysts. While some small cysts may resolve naturally, larger ones that cause pain or interfere with daily life often require surgical removal.
Lipomas
Lipomas are benign, fatty lumps typically found in the fatty tissue at the back of the neck or near the parotid gland. These are non-cancerous. However, medical consultation is advisable to determine appropriate treatment if a lipoma grows large or causes discomfort.
Boils
Boils are painful, pus-filled lumps that form under the skin, often caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. They are common in individuals with thick beards or ingrown hairs. Shaving or skin damage can create entry points for bacteria, leading to severe inflammation.
Mumps
Mumps is a viral illness characterized by swelling of the salivary glands, either in the front of the neck or the parotid glands. Those affected often experience fever, headaches, muscle aches, fatigue, and a diminished appetite. Treatment focuses on home care and pain relief to manage the symptoms.
Head and neck cancer
While less common, malignant neck tumors are dangerous and include laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, salivary gland cancer, and metastatic neck lymph nodes. Key indicators are hard, irregular, often painless lumps, accompanied by voice changes, difficulty swallowing, a persistent cough, or a sore throat and ear pain.
By Anh Chi (Source: *Very Well Health*)
