The primary distinction between these two vaccines lies in their underlying technology. Oncopept is a personalized peptide vaccine, while Oncorna is a personalized messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine.

Oncopept was rolled out earlier. According to the Federal Biomedical Agency (FMBA) of Russia, the ministry of health approved human trials for the vaccine in late 11/2025, with the first trial injection administered on 31/3. By 13/4, the patient had received the third dose and was deemed well-tolerated, with the next dose anticipated on 20/4.

The illustration shows the vaccine research process. Photo: Vecteezy

Concurrently, trials for the Oncopept vaccine continue to recruit volunteers. The FMBA has processed 543 applications, selecting over 20 additional patients. Each vaccine requires approximately 49 days for production, including at least 7 days dedicated to quality control.

Oncorna received trial approval on 13/4. When administered subcutaneously, it activates specific immunity, enabling immune cells to recognize and attack tumors. This marks Russia's first mRNA-based vaccine for colorectal cancer. The date for the first patient injection has not yet been announced.

According to the FMBA, these vaccines could be used in the future to broaden treatment for other cancer types. However, the vaccines should not be considered a standalone or replacement treatment; they should be used in combination with other therapies under medical supervision.

Currently, Russia is developing four types of cancer vaccines. In addition to the two colorectal cancer treatments, Russia also has one vaccine for skin cancer, which began human trials on 1/4, and EnteroMix, designed to treat various solid tumors, expected to undergo human trials on individuals aged 18 to 75.

Van Ha (According to Ria Novosti)