Answer:

Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection caused by the HPV virus, primarily types 6 and 11. In women, the condition manifests as small pink or skin-colored warts on the vulva, vagina, cervix, and anus. In men, they typically appear on the head or shaft of the penis, testicles, and anus.

The disease is mainly transmitted through unsafe sexual contact (vaginal, anal, oral sex). Less common, but possible, transmission routes include sharing items such as towels, underwear, or toilet seats contaminated with the virus. HPV types 6 and 11 can also cause warts on the conjunctiva, nose, mouth, and larynx. The virus can incubate for several months to several years and can spread even when no symptoms are present.

Living with someone who has genital warts means you share many spaces and items, which carries a risk of infection. You should take preventive measures such as avoiding the use of the infected person's personal items. Monitor your body for any unusual signs and seek timely medical examination, or consider moving if it provides you with peace of mind and is feasible given your circumstances.

Sharing bathroom items like towels, loofahs, or toilet seats can transmit genital warts, though the rate is low. Photo: Vecteezy

Sharing bathroom items like towels, loofahs, or toilet seats can transmit genital warts, though the rate is low. Photo: Vecteezy

Currently, Vietnam offers vaccines that protect against diseases caused by common HPV types, providing more effective and proactive prevention. The Gardasil vaccine protects against four virus types: 6, 11, 16, and 18, and is recommended for women aged 9-26. Children aged 9 to under 14 years only need two doses, administered 6-12 months apart; individuals aged 14-26 years require three doses.

The Gardasil 9 vaccine protects against nine virus types: 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. It is available for both males and females aged 9-45. Children aged 9 to under 15 years receive two doses, 6-12 months apart, while those aged 15-45 years receive three doses within 6 months.

Full vaccination provides over 90% protection against cancers and genital warts caused by the virus types included in the vaccine. Additionally, you should adopt a healthy lifestyle: do not share personal items, regularly clean your home, wash your hands frequently, maintain a consistent sleep schedule, and ensure proper nutrition to support a strong immune system.

Doctor Pham Hong Thuyet

Medical Manager, VNVC Vaccination System

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