Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) occurs when stomach acid and digestive fluids flow back up into the larynx and throat, causing irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes. While typical acid reflux primarily affects the lower esophagus and chest, LPR tends to extend higher, impacting the larynx and pharynx (throat) and leading to irritation.

The esophageal sphincter plays a crucial role in preventing gastric fluids from flowing into the upper respiratory tract. When this sphincter abnormally relaxes or weakens, digestive fluids can reflux into the esophagus and ascend to the laryngopharyngeal region. The sensitive mucous membranes of the throat and larynx are easily irritated and inflamed upon contact with these gastric fluids.

Risk factors for LPR include an unhealthy diet, characterized by frequent consumption of acidic, spicy, or fatty foods, and regular alcohol intake. Obesity and prolonged stress also contribute to the condition. Additionally, habits such as lying down immediately after eating and a sedentary lifestyle can exacerbate laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Doctor Phong performs a throat endoscopy on a patient. *Photo: Tam Anh General Clinic District 7*

Common symptoms of LPR include throat clearing, a sensation of a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing, a dry cough or minimal phlegm, hoarseness, a sore throat, frequent upper respiratory infections, post-nasal drip, and middle ear inflammation. These symptoms often occur more frequently at night than in the morning. Sometimes, LPR can coexist with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Your recurrent heartburn and sore throat could indicate laryngopharyngeal reflux. However, these symptoms can also stem from rhinosinusitis, chronic pharyngitis, or smoking. To help alleviate symptoms, consider lifestyle changes: avoid overeating, limit lying down immediately after meals, abstain from alcohol and stimulants, lose weight (if obese), maintain a regular sleep schedule, and reduce stress.

If symptoms persist for two to three weeks, recur frequently, or cause painful swallowing, consult an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist or a gastroenterologist. The doctor may perform an ENT endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), or other specialized tests to determine the cause and provide timely treatment.

Dr. Tran Quoc Phong

Specialist Level one, Ear, Nose, and Throat Department

Tam Anh General Clinic District 7