Doctor Vu Thi Dung, from the Department of Dermatology and Burns at Bach Mai Hospital, explains that warts are benign skin conditions caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Medical science has identified over 100 HPV types; some cause skin lesions, while others are linked to genital tract issues. Warts can affect all ages, but are most prevalent among children, adolescents, and those with weakened immune systems.
HPV primarily spreads through direct skin-to-skin contact. Indirect transmission also occurs by sharing personal items such as towels, razors, or nail clippers, or by walking barefoot in damp public areas like communal bathrooms and swimming pools. The habit of scratching or picking at existing warts can lead to self-infection, spreading the virus to other parts of the body.
Factors contributing to wart development include a weakened immune system, excessive sweating, nail-biting, and recurrent skin trauma.
Common warts present as small, rough papules, skin-colored or gray, typically ranging from a few millimeters to one or two centimeters. They often appear on the hands and feet, causing minimal or no itching. Plantar warts, found on the soles of the feet, grow inward due to pressure, potentially causing pain during movement. Flat warts are small, smooth lesions commonly seen on the face and backs of the hands. Genital warts (condyloma acuminata), a sexually transmitted form, necessitate prompt medical examination and treatment to prevent complications and further transmission.
Although benign, warts can spread and recur if not managed properly, impacting appearance.
Treatment varies based on wart location, size, and number. Doctors may prescribe methods such as: salicylic acid application to shed keratin layers, liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, electrocautery, laser treatment, or even minor surgery for large, persistent, or recurring lesions. Patients should avoid self-treating by cutting, burning, puncturing, or using unverified medications, as these can lead to infection, bleeding, and scarring.
To prevent warts, doctors advise: avoiding sharing personal items, wearing footwear in damp public areas, maintaining dry and well-ventilated skin, refraining from scratching lesions, and strengthening overall immunity. Promptly consult a specialist if any suspicious lesions appear.
By Le Nga
