Selenium is an essential trace element that functions as an antioxidant, supports body development, and boosts the immune system. A deficiency in selenium can impact various organs throughout the body.

Abnormal thyroid function

Selenium plays a crucial role in converting inactive thyroid hormone (T4) into its active form (T3). A selenium deficiency can result in hypothyroidism, characterized by symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. This nutritional shortfall also elevates the risk of thyroid disorders, including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Normal thyroid function is vital for regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development.

Muscle weakness

Selenium deficiency can cause muscle weakness. Selenium is a key component of antioxidant enzymes that shield muscle cells from damage caused by free radicals. When the body lacks selenium, muscle cells become more vulnerable to oxidation, leading to inefficient function. This results in muscle weakness, rapid fatigue, difficulty performing physical activities, and sometimes muscle pain.

Impaired immunity

Selenium, present in antioxidant enzymes, helps white blood cells function effectively and eliminate bacteria and viruses. A deficiency in selenium impairs white blood cell function, reducing the body's ability to fight pathogens and increasing susceptibility to infections.

Increased risk of neurological diseases

Insufficient selenium intake leads to elevated oxidative stress, where free radicals attack nerve cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. This progressively impairs cognitive function and memory over time. Consequently, prolonged selenium deficiency increases the risk of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease.

Oxidative damage

Selenium is a primary component of selenoproteins, a group of proteins containing selenium as an amino acid. These selenoproteins aid in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA repair, and immune system support, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. A deficiency in this mineral leaves the body more vulnerable to oxidative damage.

As a trace element, the body requires only small amounts of selenium: adults need approximately 55 mcg, and children require 20-30 mcg daily. Foods rich in selenium include: nuts, meat, fish, poultry, and whole grains. Some vegetables, such as broccoli, spinach, and potatoes, also provide selenium.

Le Nguyen (According to Times of India)