Answer:

Nasal turbinates are structures located inside the nasal cavity that warm, humidify, and filter air before it reaches the lower respiratory tract. The nasal cavity contains three turbinates on each side: superior, middle, and inferior.

Nasal turbinate hypertrophy is a condition where the turbinates abnormally enlarge, occupying significant space within the nasal cavity and causing persistent nasal congestion. This condition is often associated with chronic allergic rhinitis, presenting symptoms like sneezing, nasal itching, and congestion. Prolonged mucosal edema leads to the thickening and enlargement of the turbinates. Chronic rhinosinusitis can also cause long-term mucosal inflammation and an excessive reaction, leading to turbinate hypertrophy.

Frequent use of vasoconstrictor nasal sprays, a deviated nasal septum, and environmental factors such as dust, smoke, polluted air, chemical exposure, hormone therapy, and smoking can also irritate the nasal lining, leading to hypertrophy.

Doctor Phong performing a nasal endoscopy on a patient. *Photo: Tam Anh General Clinic District 7*

Treatment depends on the degree of hypertrophy. For mild cases, doctors prescribe nasal sprays and antihistamines. Patients should rinse their nose daily with physiological saline and avoid prolonged, unsupervised use of vasoconstrictor nasal sprays.

If nasal turbinate hypertrophy does not improve with medication, surgery may be considered. Coblator radiofrequency ablation of the turbinate mucosa helps reduce turbinate size, improve airflow, and preserve function.

While nasal turbinate hypertrophy is a benign condition, it causes persistent nasal congestion, leading patients to breathe through their mouths, which increases the risk of pharyngitis, sleep apnea, and reduced sleep and overall life quality. To alleviate symptoms, combine proper nasal care, adhere to prescribed medication, and schedule regular follow-ups for your doctor to assess treatment response and determine further intervention if necessary.

Dr. CKI Tran Quoc Phong

Head of Otorhinolaryngology

Tam Anh General Clinic District 7