Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where gastric acid, food, or bile refluxes into the esophagus, causing discomfort or damage to the esophageal lining. Typical symptoms include heartburn, belching, and a burning sensation behind the breastbone. These can sometimes be accompanied by a persistent cough, hoarseness, or pharyngitis. Symptoms often worsen at night or after a full meal.

If not properly managed, GERD can lead to complications such as esophagitis, ulcers, or esophageal strictures. In some cases, it may progress to Barrett's esophagus, a condition that increases the risk of adenocarcinoma in this area. Doctor Nguyen Thi Dieu Hien, from the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Tam Anh General Hospital, TP HCM, advises patients on dietary practices to support their health.

Limit irritating foods and fried dishes

To manage reflux disease, the first step for patients is to limit foods that easily irritate the stomach. Alcoholic beverages, caffeine, and chocolate-containing foods can slow down gastric emptying, allowing gastric acid to reflux upwards more easily.

Greasy fried foods and spicy dishes stimulate the stomach to produce more acid, and they remain in the digestive system longer. This slow digestion increases pressure within the stomach, ready to push acid and food back up into the esophagus, causing uncomfortable heartburn, acid reflux, or chest burning sensations.

Prioritize fiber, vitamins, and probiotics

Instead of greasy dishes, Doctor Dieu Hien recommends that patients build a daily menu with easily digestible foods such as soft rice and boiled potatoes. She also advises prioritizing cooking methods like steaming, boiling, or pan-frying with minimal oil. This balanced diet helps supplement the necessary fiber, vitamins, and minerals to strengthen intestinal contractions.

A nutrient-rich menu helps control symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Patients can choose oatmeal porridge or whole-wheat bread, as these foods contain abundant soluble fiber that helps optimize digestion. Consuming unsweetened fat-free yogurt 30 minutes to one hour after main meals also contributes to maintaining a stable intestinal microbiome.

Eat smaller meals

Beyond food selection, effective disease management is closely linked to eating habits and daily routines. Dividing meals into 4-6 portions daily helps reduce stomach pressure, avoiding overload from eating too much at one time. The eating process also needs to be slow, with thorough chewing, combined with regulating water intake simultaneously to prevent bloating.

After meals, patients should maintain an upright posture or walk gently for about 10-20 minutes, absolutely avoiding lying down immediately, bending over, or strenuous exercise. Finally, for a comfortable sleep, dinner should be completed at least 2-3 hours before bedtime. Additionally, the head of the bed can be elevated by 15-20 cm to actively prevent gastric acid reflux.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic condition with a tendency to recur, requiring management through lifestyle changes and treatment as prescribed by a doctor. While nutrition plays a supportive role in symptom control, it cannot replace medication.

Patients exhibiting warning signs such as severe chest pain, difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, vomiting blood, black stools, anemia, or unexplained weight loss should seek medical attention promptly.

Bui Duc