Sunken eyes, also referred to as enophthalmos, occur when the area beneath the eyelids appears darker and deeper than usual. Accompanying symptoms may include dark circles, a tired appearance, drooping or excessively retracted upper eyelids, dry eyes, and double vision if the underlying cause is an orbital fracture. Common factors contributing to deeply sunken eyes include aging, insufficient sleep, and eye injuries.

Aging

As individuals age, the fat cushioning around the eye sockets can diminish and loosen, creating hollows that make the eyes appear more deeply sunken. Simultaneously, the skin beneath the eyelids often thins and darkens, contributing to a more pronounced sunken look.

Eye injuries

Sunken eyes can also develop following trauma, such as traffic accidents, falls, or impacts sustained during sports, like a ball striking near the eye. While the eye socket typically protects the eye, an injury can alter its volume, causing surrounding muscles, fat, and tissues to shift. This displacement leads to the eyes appearing sunken. Symptoms may manifest within two weeks, but in some cases, they become clearly noticeable only after several months, depending on the injury's severity.

Lack of sleep

Insufficient sleep can also contribute to sunken eyes. When individuals do not get enough rest, the skin under their eyes often darkens, and their eyelids may swell or appear droopy. Furthermore, eyes can become red and dry, which are common accompanying indicators.

Medication

Certain medications can lead to sunken eyes, such as those prescribed for eye conditions, antiviral drugs, or medicines that disrupt sleep. Side effects from these can result in a tired eye appearance and drooping eyelids.

Sudden weight loss

Rapid weight loss can lead to a decrease in body fat, including in the face. This facial fat loss can make blood vessels around the eyes more visible, causing the eyes to appear deeper and more sunken.

Dehydration

Dehydration can cause sunken eyes, particularly in children, who are more susceptible to fluid loss from conditions like diarrhea or vomiting. If a child's eyes appear deeply sunken alongside symptoms such as intense thirst, infrequent urination, dry mouth, lethargy, or delayed responses, seek medical attention immediately, as these may signal severe dehydration.

Adequate sleep and daily hydration help alleviate sunken eyes. Other supportive measures include quitting smoking, applying under-eye moisturizers, and using cold compresses to reduce swelling and inflammation, thereby improving eye appearance. For sunken eyes resulting from injury, surgery offers an effective solution, often correcting double vision as well. Following an injury, doctors may prescribe medication to prevent infection and minimize swelling.

Bao Bao (According to Very Well Health, Healthline)