Alzheimer's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that gradually impairs memory, thinking ability, language, and other cognitive functions. In moderate to severe stages, patients may forget how to perform familiar tasks, fail to recognize family members, wander, exhibit behavioral changes, or experience difficulties with eating and personal hygiene.

Doctor Nguyen Thi Phuong Thao, a specialist in Neurology and Stroke at Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic, stated that patients' self-care abilities decline over time, necessitating family companionship to help manage the disease.

Establish a simple, stable daily routine

Alzheimer's patients gradually lose the ability to plan their daily activities and routines, requiring caregivers to provide reminders and support. Families can create a simple, clear schedule with photo illustrations, placing it in an easily visible location, along with a large timer clock for patients to follow.

Maintaining fixed times for eating, sleeping, bathing, exercising, and other daily activities, while minimizing disruptions, helps patients avoid confusion.

Prioritize soft, nutrient-rich foods

Family members should select soft, easy-to-swallow foods that suit the patient's chewing and swallowing abilities, preparing a variety of nutrient-rich options. Remind patients to drink water and eat on schedule. If a patient frequently coughs or chokes while eating or drinking, or takes an unusually long time to eat, a medical examination is necessary for a doctor to assess swallowing ability and prevent respiratory complications.

Communicate thoughtfully and patiently

Frequent communication can help slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Family members should avoid asking memory-testing questions like, "Do you remember who I am?"; instead, they should introduce themselves to help patients feel less confused. When conversing, speak slowly and concisely, focusing on one topic at a time, and enhance communication with eye contact and gestures.

When patients become agitated, caregivers must be patient, seek to understand the underlying cause, and avoid negative arguments or trying to prove the patient wrong.

A doctor consults with a family member of an Alzheimer's patient. Illustration photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Remind patients to adhere to treatment

Alzheimer's patients often have multiple comorbidities, requiring them to take many medications daily. However, memory impairment makes it easy for patients to forget doses, take incorrect dosages, or duplicate medications.

Family members should assist with medication management, using pill organizers or setting up appropriate medication reminder schedules, and should not alter medications independently. Patients should attend follow-up appointments as scheduled by their doctor for assessment of their cognitive status and comorbidities, allowing for appropriate medication adjustments.

Doctor Thao noted that caring for Alzheimer's patients is a long-term process, demanding significant time and patience from family members. Families should divide responsibilities among members, make time for rest, and maintain suitable personal activities.

Thanh Long