Uric acid is a waste product formed when the body breaks down purines, compounds found in cells and many foods such as red meat, organ meats, and seafood. Normally, the kidneys filter uric acid and excrete it through urine. High uric acid, or hyperuricemia, occurs when the body produces too much or the kidneys do not effectively remove it, leading to its accumulation in the blood.

According to Verywell Health, many people with high uric acid remain asymptomatic for extended periods. However, if left uncontrolled, this condition can lead to various complications or increase the risk of chronic diseases.

Causes gout

This is a common complication of high uric acid. When uric acid levels in the blood are too high, urate crystals can deposit in joints, causing a severe inflammatory reaction.

Individuals often experience pain, swelling, and redness in their joints, especially the big toe, ankles, or knees. If left untreated, gout attacks can recur, damaging joints and affecting mobility. According to Healthline, not everyone with high uric acid develops gout, but the risk increases with prolonged elevation.

Gout often causes pain, swelling, and redness in joints, especially the big toe and ankles. *Image created by AI*.

Increases kidney stone risk

Excess uric acid can crystallize in the urinary tract, forming kidney stones. Individuals may experience severe flank pain, painful urination, blood in urine, or nausea. Some cases of high uric acid remain asymptomatic until stones cause urinary tract obstruction or impair kidney function.

Increases chronic kidney disease risk

According to Times of India, prolonged high uric acid levels can increase the risk of chronic kidney disease. Uric acid crystals can inflame and damage kidney tissue over time, reducing the organ's ability to filter waste. Conversely, when kidney function declines, uric acid excretion also decreases, causing blood uric acid levels to continue rising and creating a detrimental cycle.

Associated with metabolic syndrome

Individuals with high uric acid often face a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, a condition characterized by high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abnormal blood fats, and abdominal obesity. These factors also increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Experts suggest that high uric acid may relate to insulin resistance, though more research is needed to clarify the causal relationship between these two conditions.

Everyone should maintain a healthy weight, drink sufficient water, limit alcohol, sugary drinks, and high-purine foods such as organ meats and red meat. Increasing physical activity also helps control uric acid levels. Those diagnosed with high uric acid or gout must adhere to treatment and attend regular check-ups to mitigate long-term complication risks.

Bao Bao (Compiled)