In severe kidney failure, the function of the glomerular filtration membrane significantly declines. Patients require dialysis to help remove toxins, waste products, and excess fluids. According to Doctor Nguyen Anh Duy Tung, a specialist in Nutrition and Dietetics at Tam Anh General Clinic, District 7, patients should adjust their diet during this process to adequately meet their body's nutritional requirements.

Increase protein based on dialysis frequency

During dialysis, kidney failure patients lose 3-4 grams of protein per cycle. Therefore, their diet must provide an appropriate protein intake based on the frequency of dialysis, typically about 1-1,4 grams/kg of body weight daily. Insufficient protein supplementation can lead to rapid weight loss, muscle wasting, reduced immunity, and even malnutrition. Patients should choose high-quality protein sources such as beef, pork, poultry, fish, and eggs.

Provide adequate energy for the body

Energy expenditure varies depending on age, gender, body mass, and health conditions. On average, the diet for kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis should provide 25-35 kcal/kg of body weight daily. Supplementation must be balanced to avoid overeating, which can lead to overweight or obesity and increase the body's burden. Prioritize easily digestible energy sources such as rice, porridge, vermicelli, and pho.

Beef is a suitable high-quality protein source for kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis who need nutritional supplementation. Photo: Quoc An

Ensure water and electrolyte balance

Control daily fluid intake to avoid putting additional strain on the kidneys and to reduce the risk of fluid retention, which can lead to edema, hypertension, or heart failure. A patient's fluid needs may change at each dialysis stage, but typically, about one liter/day is recommended, which can be adjusted according to a doctor's orders.

Dialysis also affects electrolytes such as potassium, sodium, and phosphorus. On non-dialysis days, patients often experience oliguria, leading to a large accumulation of potassium in the blood, which directly impacts cardiovascular health. Bones and joints may weaken, becoming susceptible to pain or fractures due to elevated blood phosphorus levels. Excess sodium can cause edema, hypertension, and damage to kidney cells due to an abnormally increased circulatory volume. Patients must adhere to guidelines on appropriate fluid intake and diet to maintain electrolyte balance.

Meet the body's fat requirements

Fats provide essential energy, especially for kidney failure patients undergoing dialysis who face a high risk of cardiovascular disease. The fat content in the diet should be 25-30% of the total daily energy intake. Prioritize healthy fat sources like olive oil, salmon, and avocado to support anti-inflammatory effects, control blood cholesterol levels, and enhance cardiovascular health. Limit trans fats and saturated fats found in animal fat, whole milk, processed foods, deep-fried items, and sweets.

Supplement vitamins and minerals

Kidney failure can lead to reduced absorption of certain essential micronutrients. Doctor Duy Tung encourages supplementing the diet of dialysis patients with foods rich in vitamin B, C, iron, and calcium. These nutrients help maintain physical condition, support metabolic processes, and boost immunity.

Beyond dietary considerations, patients must adhere to their treatment plan, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and engage in appropriate physical activity to help control symptoms and prevent serious complications. Regular check-ups at medical facilities are essential for doctors to monitor their condition and provide suitable care advice.

Quoc An