Tuyet underwent a total thyroidectomy two years ago. She stopped her medication one year ago and presented at Tam Anh General Hospital Ho Chi Minh City with grade one obesity. Tests revealed high blood cholesterol and abnormal thyroid hormone levels: thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was elevated above 10 mIU/L, while the normal range is 0.4 - 5 mIU/L, and free thyroxine (FT4) was decreased.

Doctor Do Tien Vu, from the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, explained that the thyroid gland produces hormones vital for regulating bodily functions. After a thyroidectomy, the body ceases to produce thyroid hormones, disrupting metabolism. Tuyet was required to take lifelong hormone supplements to maintain normal thyroid hormone levels but stopped treatment on her own, leading to primary hypothyroidism.

Doctor Vu explains the thyroid gland's mechanism to Tuyet. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Abruptly stopping thyroid hormone medication can lead to various health issues, including: loss of appetite, fatigue, chronic constipation, memory impairment, slow heart rate, and irregular menstruation. A deficiency in thyroid hormone reduces basal metabolism, causing excess energy accumulation and uncontrollable weight gain.

Obesity also promotes chronic inflammation, causing vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in the thyroid gland, leading to morphological and functional changes. "Obesity and hypothyroidism have a reciprocal impact, making weight management more challenging," said Doctor Vu.

Tuyet resumed thyroid hormone therapy, combined with medication to inhibit energy intake for weight loss, and adjusted her diet and lifestyle. She prioritizes healthy foods like: lean protein, vegetables, and fruits to support thyroid function and manage her weight. Additionally, patients should drink sufficient water, avoid eating after 8 PM, and limit processed foods, fast food, and carbohydrates.

Doctor Vu advises that patients who have undergone thyroidectomy must adhere to their prescribed medication, monitor their condition, and attend regular follow-up appointments. They should not arbitrarily discontinue medication or alter hormone dosages. Weight management supports the reduction of thyroid symptoms, enhances overall health, and mitigates the risk of chronic diseases.

Duc Hanh

*Patient's name has been changed