The tonsils are large lymphoid tissues on both sides of the throat. They initiate the body's first immune response against pathogens entering through the nose and mouth. As a primary defense, tonsils are often exposed to viruses and bacteria, making them prone to inflammation. Symptoms include: a sore throat, pain that worsens with swallowing and may extend to the ears, difficulty swallowing, fatigue, fever, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes in the jaw.

Cold, humid air dries the nasal and throat lining, impairing its ability to warm and moisturize. This reduces the effectiveness of local cilia, creating conditions for viruses and bacteria to thrive, thus promoting recurrent tonsillitis. For children with a history of tonsillitis, bacteria may linger in the tonsillar crypts even after treatment. Under unfavorable weather conditions, these dormant bacteria can reactivate, leading to a recurrence of the illness.

Most tonsillitis episodes in children are mild and viral, often resolving within a few days with proper care. However, frequent recurrences, particularly those caused by bacteria like group A streptococcus, pose a high risk of complications such as: peritonsillar abscess, otitis media, and sinusitis.

Persistent inflammation can result in enlarged tonsils. This may cause children to snore, breathe through their mouths, experience restless sleep, and eat poorly due to discomfort, ultimately impacting their development.

Doctor Hang consults a parent. Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital

To reduce recurrent tonsillitis, parents should ensure their child practices daily oral hygiene. This includes gargling and nasal rinsing with physiological saline, frequent handwashing, and replacing toothbrushes after each inflammatory episode to prevent bacterial buildup. Keep the child's neck, chest, and feet warm, prevent exposure to rain, and limit contact with dusty environments or crowded places. A balanced diet, rich in vegetables and fruits, along with adequate sleep, can boost immune resistance. Children should receive the flu vaccine as recommended.

Parents should seek medical attention if their child experiences a prolonged high fever, severe sore throat, refuses to eat, has voice changes, difficulty opening their mouth, or difficulty breathing. For severe, frequently recurring inflammation, doctors may recommend a tonsillectomy.

Dr. Tran Thi Thuy Hang

Head of Ear, Nose, and Throat Department

Ear, Nose, and Throat Center

Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City