Mr. Manh, who has lived with diabetes for nearly 20 years, consistently recorded high blood sugar levels of 8,0 mmol/L, exceeding the safe threshold of 6,5 mmol/L, despite adhering to his prescribed medication. For about one year, he experienced sharp pain in his thighs and hips, particularly at night. When the pain became more frequent and painkillers failed to provide relief, coupled with weakening legs, he sought medical attention at Tam Anh General Hospital.

Doctor Do Tien Vu, a specialist in endocrinology and diabetes, observed that Mr. Manh’s left calf muscle was markedly smaller than his right. Suspecting long-term diabetic neurological complications, Doctor Vu ordered specialized tests, including an MRI of the lower back to exclude nerve compression around the spine, and an electromyography to evaluate nerve activity in both legs.

The test results confirmed a diagnosis of diabetic muscle atrophy, a neuromuscular condition that caused widespread pain and weakness in Mr. Manh's hips and legs. This condition often manifests suddenly on one side of the body, with symptoms potentially spreading to the opposite side over time.

Doctor Vu reviews Mr. Manh's test results. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital*

According to Doctor Vu, muscle weakness typically progresses for several months even after the initial pain subsides. In severe stages, patients may find it difficult to walk, potentially requiring a wheelchair.

Diabetic muscle atrophy stems from abnormal immune system changes that damage the small blood vessels nourishing nerves in the lower limbs, a process known as microvascular inflammation. This condition is not necessarily linked to the duration or severity of diabetes. Basic treatment strategies focus on symptomatic pain management, maintaining strict blood sugar control, and engaging in physical therapy.

Doctors prescribe specific medications for pain relief, alongside strict management of blood sugar levels, aiming for below 6,5 mmol/L. Patients are also advised to adopt a healthy diet and supplement it with protein-rich foods like fish, eggs, and legumes to combat muscle mass loss. Consistent physical therapy, guided by medical professionals, helps maintain muscle activity and improves the speed and degree of recovery.

Doctor Vu states that recovery from diabetic muscle atrophy can span several months to several years, with many individuals experiencing varying degrees of permanent limb weakness. Consequently, proactive screening is crucial for early prevention of neurological complications.

Bach Duong