A CT scan at Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, revealed extensive damage in Mr. Bao's left lung, including large tuberculosis cavities, bronchiectasis, and scattered lesions across both lungs. Sputum tests confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis with a high bacterial load, and blood tests showed elevated infection markers. The patient had a poor appetite, suffered from insomnia for many days, and had underlying type 2 diabetes and hypertension.

Master of Science, Doctor, First Degree Specialist Nguyen Thanh Thuy, from the Department of General Internal Medicine, prescribed isolated treatment for the patient. She developed a regimen to eradicate the tuberculosis bacteria and manage superimposed pneumonia with antibiotics. This critical phase aims to swiftly eliminate the bacteria, prevent further lung tissue damage, and curb community transmission.

Doctor Thuy examines Mr. Bao. *Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital*

After one week of intensive treatment, Mr. Bao's cough and chest pain gradually subsided. His appetite improved, and laboratory test results showed improvement. The patient was discharged and will continue anti-tuberculosis medication for 6 months. Adherence to the prescribed regimen is crucial to avoid recurrence or drug resistance.

Pulmonary tuberculosis often targets individuals with weakened immune systems, particularly those with underlying conditions like diabetes, malnutrition, or the elderly. Tuberculosis symptoms can be easily mistaken for common bronchitis. However, without early detection, tuberculosis bacteria can form cavities, leading to lung necrosis, spreading to both lungs, causing hemoptysis, and rapid death.

According to a report by the National Tuberculosis Program, Vietnam records approximately 182,000 new tuberculosis cases annually. Among these, 9,900 cases involve drug-resistant tuberculosis, and about 11,000 people die from the disease. Vietnam ranks 12th among the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis burden globally.

Doctor Thuy recommends regular general health check-ups for everyone, especially the elderly and those with chronic diseases. Unexplained weight loss, a cough lasting over two weeks, or persistent fatigue warrant a medical examination to determine the cause. Early detection shortens treatment duration and preserves lung function.

Nhat Thanh

*Patient's name has been changed*