Squamous cell epithelial dysplasia of the tongue is a condition where squamous cells—the top layer of the tongue's mucous membrane—undergo abnormal changes in shape and size. Common signs include chronic ulcers, white or red patches on the tongue, easy bleeding, pain, and difficulty moving the tongue.

Squamous cell epithelial dysplasia in the oral cavity is not cancer, but it carries a risk of progressing to squamous cell carcinoma. Mild dysplasia has a low risk of progression, while moderate to severe dysplasia has a higher risk, requiring close monitoring and intervention when necessary. Symptoms of this type of cancer include chronic, firm, rough-surfaced ulcers, burning pain, oral numbness, difficulty speaking, and difficulty chewing. Doctors typically order a biopsy of the lesion to differentiate between dysplasia and cancer.

Doctor Phat consulting a patient. Photo: Tam Anh General Clinic District 7

Recurrent tongue ulcers, such as those experienced by the reader, warrant attention, as prolonged lesions can increase the risk of abnormal epithelial cell changes. Individuals diagnosed with squamous cell epithelial dysplasia require regular follow-up appointments so doctors can monitor and assess the degree of dysplasia and recommend appropriate treatment to reduce the risk of cancer progression.

To prevent and limit progression, patients should quit smoking (if applicable), reduce alcohol consumption, avoid excessively hot and spicy foods, maintain good oral hygiene, follow a vitamin-rich diet, get adequate rest, and reduce stress. If an ulcer does not heal within two weeks, patients should see a doctor to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.

Master, Doctor, Specialist Level I Truong Tan Phat

Head of Ear, Nose, Throat Unit

Tam Anh General Clinic District 7