Resistant hypertension

According to Times of India, resistant hypertension is a condition where blood pressure does not decrease to the target level (below 130/80 mmHg) even when a patient uses a combination of at least three different blood pressure-lowering medications (including a diuretic) at optimal doses. Patients need to consult a doctor for re-evaluation, to identify the cause, and to adjust their medication regimen.

High sodium intake makes blood pressure difficult to control

Sodium in salt causes the body to retain water, which increases circulating blood volume and adds pressure to artery walls. If one regularly consumes high-sodium foods, the blood pressure-controlling effects of medication may not be as effective as desired.

Salt is not only found in dipping sauces or heavily seasoned dishes. Processed foods such as sausages, cold cuts, and pickled vegetables also contain high levels of sodium. Therefore, patients should pay attention to the total amount of salt in their diet rather than just reducing the amount used in cooking.

Weight gain or being overweight

Increased weight makes the heart work harder to supply blood to the body. Excess fat, especially in the abdominal area, is also associated with metabolic changes and nervous system activity, which can lead to increased blood pressure. Healthy weight loss through a balanced diet and regular exercise can support blood pressure management.

Sedentary lifestyle

A sedentary lifestyle contributes to high blood pressure and diminishes cardiovascular health. Prolonged sitting, infrequent movement, and lack of regular exercise also easily lead to weight gain, blood sugar imbalances, and high cholesterol levels.

Individuals with high blood pressure should maintain physical activity appropriate for their health condition, such as walking, cycling, swimming, or moderate exercise. The important thing is to maintain consistency rather than overexerting oneself for short periods.

Poor sleep or sleep apnea

Individuals who frequently get insufficient sleep, experience poor sleep quality, or suffer from sleep apnea may find it difficult to control their blood pressure. Sleep apnea causes the body to repeatedly experience oxygen deprivation during sleep, while also activating the sympathetic nervous system. This is one of the causes that needs consideration in individuals with uncontrolled high blood pressure, according to WebMD.

Patients should check their blood pressure regularly. Illustration: Benh vien Da khoa Tam Anh

Other medications can increase blood pressure

Some over-the-counter medications or drugs for other conditions can also affect blood pressure. Therefore, if blood pressure suddenly becomes difficult to control, one should review all medications being used, including those purchased without a prescription and supplements. Patients should not stop their current medication without consulting a doctor.

Underlying medical conditions

If blood pressure remains high despite correct treatment, a doctor may need to look for secondary causes. Certain conditions such as kidney disease, renal artery stenosis, or endocrine disorders can contribute to high blood pressure or make the condition difficult to control.

In such cases, adjusting medication alone may not address the primary cause. Treating the underlying condition simultaneously can help control blood pressure more effectively.

Le Nguyen (Compiled)