Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a benign enlargement of the prostate gland, not cancer. When the gland swells, it can compress the urethra, making urine flow difficult, leading to a weak stream, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, or nocturia.

According to Doctor Nguyen Ngoc Tan, from the Urology - Andrology Department, Tam Anh General Hospital Hanoi, prolonged, untreated urinary obstruction can lead to cystitis. Over time, this may impair bladder function, increasing the risk of urinary retention, urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and affecting kidney function.

The risk of developing the condition increases with age, and is also linked to family history and certain metabolic disorders.

Advanced age

According to Doctor Tan, age is the clearest risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The prostate gland undergoes a growth phase starting around 25 years old and continues to develop over time, making the condition more prevalent in middle-aged and older men.

The aging process is accompanied by changes in male hormones, which are believed to contribute to prostate growth. However, a larger gland does not necessarily mean more severe symptoms. The location of tissue growth and the degree of urethral compression also determine the severity of urinary dysfunction.

Family history

Men whose fathers, brothers, or other relatives have had benign prostatic hyperplasia face a higher risk, especially if the condition developed early or if multiple family members are affected.

Doctor Tan consults a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Photo: Tam Anh General Hospital

Overweight and obesity

Obesity is linked to an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms. Excess fat, especially abdominal fat, often accompanies chronic inflammation and metabolic disorders, which can influence prostate tissue growth.

Maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a balanced diet help control metabolic health, benefiting both urinary and overall health.

Type 2 diabetes and metabolic disorders

Type 2 diabetes and certain metabolic disorders are noted to be associated with an increased risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Abnormalities in blood sugar, blood vessels, and bladder muscle function can exacerbate lower urinary tract symptoms.

Middle-aged and older men should manage blood sugar, blood pressure, weight, and blood lipids, while also maintaining appropriate physical activity to mitigate metabolic risk factors.

Doctor Tan advises men to seek medical attention if they experience difficulty urinating, a weak or intermittent stream, frequent urination, nocturia, urgent urination, or a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. These symptoms can be caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia but also occur in many other urinary conditions. If sudden urinary retention occurs, patients require emergency care to relieve the obstruction and prevent complications.

Thu Giang