High blood pressure is often called a "silent killer" because most patients experience no clear symptoms until severe complications arise. High blood pressure can quietly damage the heart, eyes, brain, and kidneys without the patient realizing it. Experts recommend that individuals over 30 years old, or those with diabetes, obesity, kidney disease, or a family history of high blood pressure, monitor their blood pressure regularly. Early identification of potential warning signs is crucial.

Tension-type headaches upon waking

Blood pressure typically rises slightly in the morning as part of the body's natural rhythm. However, in individuals with high blood pressure, this increase can exceed normal levels, creating pressure on the brain's microvessels. Patients may feel a heaviness in the occipital region (the back of the head, starting from the upper nape) or a sensation like a band tightening around their head.

Persistent fatigue despite minimal physical activity

When blood pressure is high, the heart must pump more forcefully to push blood through a vascular system under significant pressure. This prolonged condition causes the heart muscle walls, particularly the left ventricle, to thicken. Additionally, the body expends more energy to maintain circulation, leading to fatigue and reduced endurance.

Shortness of breath during daily activities

Patients may feel breathless even when walking short distances, climbing one flight of stairs, or talking while walking. This occurs because prolonged high blood pressure causes the heart muscle to thicken and become less elastic, reducing its ability to expand and pump blood effectively.

Blurred vision and eye strain

The retina is where doctors can directly observe the blood vessel system. When blood pressure remains high for an extended period, the small blood vessels in the retina can narrow, thicken, or leak, leading to damage known as hypertensive retinopathy. This condition sometimes presents no clear symptoms and is only detected during routine eye examinations.

Heart palpitations at rest

Patients may clearly feel their heartbeat even when lying still. When vessel walls become less elastic, pressure within the vessels increases, creating stronger pulse waves. The heart must then contract more forcefully to overcome peripheral resistance, causing a sensation of palpitations or a pounding heart.

Recurrent nosebleeds or facial flushing

This high blood pressure symptom is not common but warrants attention, especially if it occurs at rest. High blood pressure can rupture small capillaries in the nose or cause vasodilation in the facial area, leading to nosebleeds or a flushed face.

Gradual decrease in exercise capacity

Prolonged high blood pressure causes vessel walls to thicken and stiffen, reducing their ability to dilate when the body needs increased blood flow. Consequently, muscles do not receive enough oxygen during physical activity, causing patients to tire quickly and experience reduced endurance over time.

Bao Bao (According to Times of India)