Many individuals use e-cigarettes, mistakenly believing them to be "less harmful than traditional cigarettes," states Dr. Le Anh Tuan, a specialist from the Cardiology Department at Tam Anh Cau Giay General Clinic. E-cigarette devices function by heating and vaporizing a nicotine-containing solution for users to inhale. While e-cigarette aerosols typically contain fewer toxins like carbon monoxide and tar due to the absence of combustion, Dr. Tuan emphasizes that this does not equate to safety for one's health.

Nicotine in e-cigarettes stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, causing vasoconstriction. It also affects endothelial function and raises oxidative stress. As blood nicotine levels rise, blood vessels constrict, and both heart rate and blood pressure increase, forcing the heart to work harder. These effects significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases for users.

Dr. Tuan explains the harms of e-cigarettes to a patient. *Illustration: Tam Anh General Hospital*.

Beyond nicotine, e-cigarettes contain other harmful compounds like propylene glycol and glycerol. When heated, propylene glycol transforms into propylene oxide, a known carcinogen. Glycerol, on the other hand, generates acrolein, a substance that damages cells and impairs blood vessel function.

Artificial flavoring agents present in e-cigarette solutions also pose health risks. Certain chemical compounds used to replicate sweet flavors and respiratory sensations can induce cellular toxicity.

Further evidence of these dangers comes from a comprehensive review conducted by an Indian research team. The team synthesized 12 studies involving over 1,6 million people, with approximately 431,000 assessed for myocardial infarction (heart attack) and 1,19 million for stroke. The results, published in 2025 in the American Medical Library, show that e-cigarette users face a 1,53 times higher risk of myocardial infarction compared to non-smokers. For stroke, this risk is 1,05 times higher.

According to Dr. Tuan, the impact of e-cigarettes extends beyond physical health, with users also susceptible to emotional issues such as depression and anxiety. He strongly advises against viewing e-cigarettes as a safe alternative to traditional smoking or as a smoking cessation aid. Current users should quit and seek medical guidance for appropriate methods to stop.

By Ly Nguyen