The body produces its own cholesterol

According to Only My Health, cholesterol is essential for the body to produce hormones, vitamin D, and form cell membranes. In addition to dietary sources, the liver also produces cholesterol to meet the body's needs. This explains why a diet low in fat may not always reduce cholesterol levels.

High intake of sugar and refined carbohydrates

A low-fat diet that includes high amounts of sugar, sweets, soft drinks, or refined carbohydrates can still negatively impact cholesterol levels. Prolonged consumption of excessive refined carbohydrates can cause the body to convert surplus energy into triglycerides. When blood triglyceride levels rise, good cholesterol (HDL) typically decreases, while bad cholesterol (LDL) may increase, raising the risk of fat accumulation in artery walls.

Milk tea provides high sugar and few essential nutrients. *Photo: Van Anh*

Lack of physical activity

Physical activity helps the body use energy efficiently, supports weight management, and improves fat metabolism. Conversely, prolonged sitting, limited movement, or minimal exercise can make blood fat control more challenging.

Overweight or obesity

Excess weight, particularly fat accumulated around the abdomen, can be associated with insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders. This often leads to high triglycerides and a decrease in good cholesterol (HDL). Gradual weight loss through a balanced diet and increased physical activity can help improve various metabolic indicators.

Genetic factors

Many cases of high cholesterol do not stem from dietary habits but are linked to genetics. Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia may have high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels from a young age. In these instances, cholesterol can remain high despite limiting fat intake. According to the Times of India, if a family member has a history of high cholesterol or early heart disease, you should consult a doctor for risk assessment and appropriate tests.

Certain medical conditions

According to WebMD, certain health issues affect lipid metabolism; for example, hypothyroidism reduces the body's ability to remove bad cholesterol from the blood. Kidney disease, some liver conditions, and metabolic disorders are also linked to abnormal blood fat levels. Therefore, if cholesterol remains elevated despite dietary adjustments, it is important to seek medical examination to identify the underlying cause rather than simply continuing restrictive diets.

Age and hormonal changes

As the body ages, its ability to process and eliminate cholesterol changes, making levels more prone to increase. In women, hormonal shifts during perimenopause and postmenopause also affect blood fat indicators. Consequently, an individual who previously had normal cholesterol levels might experience an increase later, even with a healthy diet.

A common mistake is eliminating almost all fats from the diet. The body still needs fats to absorb certain vitamins and perform many biological functions. Individuals should prioritize unsaturated fats from fish, nuts, avocados, and some vegetable oils, while limiting saturated and trans fats. Increasing intake of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and foods rich in soluble fiber is also beneficial for cholesterol management.

*By Le Nguyen (Compiled)*